With the passage of the CARES Act, Congress launched an unprecedented, multi-trillion stimulus package into the economy at break-neck speed in order to address the coronavirus pandemic. History has shown that massive government programs prove irresistible to fraudsters. Drawing on lessons from one of the last major stimulus programs, the TARP program, this presentation will focus on governmental efforts to deter, detect and punish fraud and other criminality under the CARES Act, with a particular focus on the Payroll Protection Program.